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Over the past century, synthetic polymers have had a transformative impact on human life, replacing nature-derived materials in many areas. Yet, despite their many advantages, the structure and function of synthetic polymers still appear rudimentary compared to biological matter: cells use dynamic self-assembly to construct complex materials and operate sophisticated macromolecular devices. The field of DNA nanotechnology has demonstrated that synthetic DNA molecules can be programmed to undergo predictable self-assembly, offering unparalleled control over the formation and dynamic properties of artificial nanostructures. Intriguingly, the principles of DNA nanotechnology can be applied to the engineering of soft programmable materials, bringing the abilities of synthetic polymers closer to their biological counterparts. In this perspective, we discuss the unique features of DNA-functionalized polymer materials. We describe design principles that allow researchers to build complex supramolecular architectures with predictable and dynamically adjustable material properties. Finally, we highlight two key application areas where this biologically inspired material class offers particularly promising opportunities: (1) as dynamic matrices for 3D cell and organoid culture and (2) as smart materials for nucleic acid sequencing and pathogen detection.
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As China undergoes its digital revolution with the rapid developments of new media and technology on a massive scale, the bodies which used to be the sites for acclaiming for socio-political demands are now shifted to the digital sphere. However, social activists have discovered alternative ways to raise their voices through the virtual and cyber space. They have interwoven a hybrid body of solidarity in games and digital platforms. This article takes the 2020 Hong Kong resistance in Nintendo game Animal Crossing and the legacy of Covid-19 ‘Whistle blower' Li Wenliang on Chinese social media as cases, aiming to develop a comprehensive and comparative analysis on the performativity and solidarity that emerge with gamification and playfulness in contemporary Sino-sphere. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused great attention around the world. SARS-CoV-2 possesses characteristics of faster transmission, immune escape, and occult transmission by many mutation, which caused still grim situation of prevention and control. Early detection and isolation of patients are still the most effective measures at present. So, there is an urgent need for new rapid and highly sensitive testing tools to quickly identify infected patients as soon as possible. This review briefly introduces general characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and provides recentl overview and analysis based on different detection methods for nucleic acids, antibodies, antigens as detection target. Novel nano-biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection are analyzed based on optics, electricity, magnetism, and visualization. In view of the advantages of nanotechnology in improving detection sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the research progress of new nano-biosensors is introduced in detail, including SERS-based biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, magnetic nano-biosensors and colorimetric biosensors. Functions and challenges of nano-materials in construction of new nano-biosensors are discussed, which provides ideas for the development of various coronavirus biosensing technologies for nanomaterial researchers.
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During the COVID-19 epidemic, the online prescription pattern of Internet healthcare pro-vides guarantee for the patients with chronic diseases and reduces the risk of cross-infection, but it also raises the burden of decision-making for doctors. Online drug recommendation system can effectively assist doctors by analysing the electronic medical records (EMR) of patients. Unlike commercial recommendations, the accuracy of drug recommendations should be very high due to their relevance to patient health. Besides, concept drift may occur in the drug treatment data streams, handling drift and location drift causes is critical to the accuracy and reliability of the rec-ommended results. This paper proposes a multi-model fusion online drug recommendation system based on the association of drug and pathological features with online-nearline-offline architecture.The system transforms drug recommendation into pattern classification and adopts interpretable concept drift detection and adaptive ensemble classification algorithms. We apply the system to the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) treatment process. The experiment results show our system performs nearly as good as doctors, the accuracy is close to 100%.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and explore the possible mechanism of diabetes predisposition. Method(s): A single center, retrospective and observational study was used to collect 48 inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to the first ward of the third department of infection, Raytheon hospital, Wuhan from February 23, 2020 to March 30, 2020. Demographic data, symptoms, laboratory tests, comorbidities, treatments and clinical outcomes have been collected. The patients were divided into non-diabetic group and diabetic group according to the combination of diabetes. The clinical data and laboratory test results of the two groups were observed, and the t test, non-parametric test and Chi square test were used for comparison. Result(s): All the 5 patients with COVID-19 diabetes mellitus had fever and respiratory symptoms, chest CT was consistent with typical COVID-19 imaging features, and novel coronavirus nucleic acid test results were positive. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender composition, co-existing diseases, clinical symptoms, clinical typing, disease course and treatment plan between the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group (P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose between the non-diabetic group and the diabetic group (P<0.05).The difference of fasting blood glucose at discharge from the diabetes group compared with that at admission was also statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in other laboratory examination indexes (P>0.05). Conclusion(s): COVID-19 patients with diabetes are mainly manifested by fever and respiratory symptoms.Chest CT shows typical COVID-19 imaging features.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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This paper studies the equilibrium decision-making problem of product service supply chain (PSSC) network under the impact of COVID-19 related risks. The PSSC is composed of service-oriented transformation of manufacturing enterprises to sell product service systems (PSSs) to customers. So, under the impact of COVID-19, the network faces dual risks of products and services. This paper constructs the PSSC network of raw material suppliers, service providers, manufacturing service integrators and demand markets. Through variational inequalities, a network equilibrium model of PSSC considering risk management was established, and their decision-making problems were discussed. Three numerical examples were used to analyse the impact of risk management on the supply chain network at various levels. The results show that the risk management of upstream and downstream enterprises will have mutual in uence, and the cost input of service risk management will benefit the entire PSSC network. Therefore, through the diversified development and improvement of services, the market demand for PSSs can be increased. © 2023,Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization. All Rights Reserved.
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This article explores the dynamic causality between the COVID-19 Media Coverage Index (MCI) in China (Chinese mainland and Hong Kong) and the AH premium index (both price and volatility) by applying a novel time-varying causality technology. Our findings show that the MCIs in China do not significantly cause the log-prices of the AH premium index throughout the full sample period, whereas significantly positive and time-varying causalities from the MCIs in China to the volatilities of the AH premium index are detected. The results thus provide evidence that the change of the MCIs does not lead to a wider or narrower AH premium but unidirectionally causes the change of its volatilities. Furthermore, the effect of MCIs in Chinese mainland on the AH premium volatilities is more pronounced and stable compared to that in Hong Kong, which indicates that the AH premium disparity is more sensitive to the media coverage in the Chinese mainland than in Hong Kong. Finally, the causal relationship from the MCIs in China to the AH premium volatilities disappears after November 2021. Our results provide implications for policymakers to decrease the fluctuation of the AH premium by effectively guiding the trend of media coverage;the results also remind AH stock investors to pay more attention to the COVID-19 media coverage. © 2023, Bucharest University of Economic Studies. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly raised economic risk and uncertainty worldwide. How does COVID-19 affect urban housing markets? Is there any difference when different areas encounter COVID-19? This study aims to investigate the impacts of the pandemic on housing prices by using Beijing's housing markets data in 2020. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use transaction-level data from April to September in 2020 to conduct a hedonic price analysis of the housing markets in Beijing. The data included 70,843 transactions scraped from a real estate agent's website. The authors use the difference-in-differences approach to evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak from the Beijing Xinfadi market (the largest and most important food wholesale market in Beijing) in 2020. Findings: This outbreak of COVID-19 caused a 6.3% drop in housing prices in Beijing from April to September in 2020. However, the impacts of COVID-19 on housing prices in different urban neighbourhoods were spatially heterogeneous. Housing prices in neighbourhoods with industries that rely on face-to-face communication were more affected by the pandemic, while those that can work remotely were less affected. Originality/value: By investigating the impacts of COVID-19 on housing prices in Beijing, this study illustrates that urban housing prices would be impacted by the pandemic, at least in the short term. While the rise and fall of housing prices were found spatially heterogeneous in Beijing, it suggests that urban neighbourhoods with specific socioeconomic characteristics and geographic locations would unfold different resilience when encountering pandemic. By using data scraping and rigorous statistical tools, the study is probably one of the first ones examining the consequences of COVID-19 in intra-urban housing markets. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and explore the possible mechanism of diabetes predisposition. Method(s): A single center, retrospective and observational study was used to collect 48 inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were admitted to the first ward of the third department of infection, Raytheon hospital, Wuhan from February 23, 2020 to March 30, 2020. Demographic data, symptoms, laboratory tests, comorbidities, treatments and clinical outcomes have been collected. The patients were divided into non-diabetic group and diabetic group according to the combination of diabetes. The clinical data and laboratory test results of the two groups were observed, and the t test, non-parametric test and Chi square test were used for comparison. Result(s): All the 5 patients with COVID-19 diabetes mellitus had fever and respiratory symptoms, chest CT was consistent with typical COVID-19 imaging features, and novel coronavirus nucleic acid test results were positive. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender composition, co-existing diseases, clinical symptoms, clinical typing, disease course and treatment plan between the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group (P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose between the non-diabetic group and the diabetic group (P<0.05).The difference of fasting blood glucose at discharge from the diabetes group compared with that at admission was also statistically significant (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in other laboratory examination indexes (P>0.05). Conclusion(s): COVID-19 patients with diabetes are mainly manifested by fever and respiratory symptoms.Chest CT shows typical COVID-19 imaging features.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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The Movement Control Order (MCO) was implemented in Malaysia on 18 March 2020. The MCO has changed people's lifestyle to some extent because they have been advised to work from home. Due to this situation, the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) implemented online learning methods throughout the MCO period to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Therefore, all schools have implemented online teaching and learning with the instructions of the MOE as a new norm to ensure that learning sessions are not delayed. The purpose of this study was to determine the level and factors of effectiveness of online learning for secondary school students studying economics subjects during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a quantitative research design employing a questionnaire as data collection instrument. The results show that the effectiveness of online learning for economics students is at a high level. The results of the survey illustrate that most students use mobile phones and laptops to attend classes that take place online. Furthermore, the study found that teacher factors are the main factors that influence the effectiveness of online learning among students. This research has implications for educators to apply online learning methods as a new normative teaching method to ensure compliance with the National Education Philosophy and the objectives of the Malaysia Education Development Plan 2013–2025. © 2023 Society for Research and Knowledge Management. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused great attention around the world. SARS-CoV-2 possesses characteristics of faster transmission, immune escape, and occult transmission by many mutation, which caused still grim situation of prevention and control. Early detection and isolation of patients are still the most effective measures at present. So, there is an urgent need for new rapid and highly sensitive testing tools to quickly identify infected patients as soon as possible. This review briefly introduces general characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and provides recentl overview and analysis based on different detection methods for nucleic acids, antibodies, antigens as detection target. Novel nano-biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection are analyzed based on optics, electricity, magnetism, and visualization. In view of the advantages of nanotechnology in improving detection sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the research progress of new nano-biosensors is introduced in detail, including SERS-based biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, magnetic nano-biosensors and colorimetric biosensors. Functions and challenges of nano-materials in construction of new nano-biosensors are discussed, which provides ideas for the development of various coronavirus biosensing technologies for nanomaterial researchers.
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How can we establish a risk perception model and method to guide safety management has become an important issue that needs to be solved urgently in the field of tourism management. However, the solution to this issue is inseparable from the objective analysis, induction and deduction, and the analysis of the frontier trend towards the multidimensional model of tourism risk perception. In this paper, 211 articles from the Web of Science are selected as the research object, and the bibliometric analysis is applied to find: (1) Research on tourism risk perception based on multidimensional models can be divided into nascent, developmental, and mature stages;(2) The research on the multi-dimensional model of tourism risk perception has formed a group of academic groups with outstanding contributions and representative authors;(3) The research hotspots in multidimensional models of tourism risk perception focus on the comprehensive study of perceived risk, the outbreak of COVID-19, psychological risk, destination image, and behavioral intention. On this basis, this paper proposes some corresponding research suggestions to address the inadequacies of existing studies, and the research findings have significant theoretical implications for the construction of the theoretical system of tourism risk management. © 2022 The Author(s).
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With the growing popularity of design thinking capacity building initiatives for entrepreneurship education, educators are striving to explore technology-supported learning environments and pedagogy to achieve the inter-disciplinary, easily accessible, and student-oriented entrepreneurship education innovation. The lingering effects of unfinished learning amid the COVID-19 and mixed-mode learning have become part of a new normal, we designed and implemented a novel learning framework to put co-design pedagogical structures in place that allow educators, students, and stakeholders to form new learning experiences and create innovation together. Through the case study we designed and implemented in three universities across different regions, we propose and investigate an approach that enables micro-level analysis of knowledge creation model for student's design thinking capacity building as well as macro-level understanding of learning dynamics for entrepreneurship education. This study presents a pedagogy-based template, and the findings have implications for the design of technology-empowered educational interventions and pedagogical innovation. © ISLS.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed several adverse impacts on the public transit sector. Significant decline in public transit ridership has been observed in many cities around the world. Public transit agencies are facing with increasing financial burden in providing viable transit service. To survive in this difficult COVID-19 period, public transit agencies are working hard on developing innovative and cost-effective transit services. Customized bus (CB) service is such a kind of smart transit services that provides personalized, comfortable, and safe travel service by collecting passenger travel requests via smartphone apps. This work proposes a three-stage optimization framework for optimizing the operations-planning process of CB service considering COVID-19 imposed social distancing constraints. At the first stage, based on traveler's requests, stops are determined, and feasible CB routes are generated following the shortest-path principles. The second stage generates an initial feasible vehicle schedule complying with the COVID-19 imposed constraints. The schedule is further optimized by using a deficit function-based graphical vehicle scheduling technique at the third stage. Results of a numerical example demonstrated the effectiveness of the three-stage optimization framework. © 2022 IEEE.
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Background: There are no effective treatments for inflammatory lung injury, including acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe COVID-19 patients commonly suffer from ARDS. The repositioning of existing drugs is one possible strategy for treatment of ALI/ARDS. We previously showed that vascular repair and resolution of inflammatory lung injury is dependent upon endothelial hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1a) and forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). Aim(s): To identify a candidate agonist of HIF1a/FoxM1 signaling that could effectively treat ALI/ARDS. Method(s): FDA-approved drugs were screened using reporter assays, toxicity assays, and gene expression analyses in vitro. Inflammatory lung injury was assessed in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. Result(s): We used high throughput screening of a library 1200 FDA-approved drugs, along with hypoxia-response element-driven luciferase reporter assays, cell toxicity assays, and molecular analyses of human lung microvascular endothelial cells, to identify candidate drugs that enhance HIF1 signaling in vitro. One of these drugs, Rabeprazole (Aciphex), caused dose-dependent increases in hypoxia-response element activity without increasing cell death. By treating wild type mice orally with Rabeprazole on 2 consecutive days after sepsis challenge, we were able to identify a dose of Rabeprazole that is well tolerated and enhances vascular repair and resolution of inflammatory lung injury. In timeline studies, we found that Rabeprazole treatment reduces lung vascular leakage, edema, and inflammatory cytokine expression during the repair phrase. We next used conditional knockout mice to show that Rabeprazole increases vascular repair and resolution of inflammatory lung injury through endothelial HIF1a and FoxM1. Rabeprazole-dependent decreases in lung vascular leakage, edema, and inflammatory cytokine expression were completely absent in the conditional HIF1a and FoxM1 knockout mice. Conclusion(s): Rabeprazole improves murine vascular repair and resolution of sepsis-induced inflammatory lung injury via endothelial HIF1a/FoxM1. This drug represents a promising candidate for repurposing to effectively treat ALI/ARDS.
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Based on online survey data from 2020, the present study employed a logit model to examine the effects of COVID-19 on household financial behaviors in China. Additionally, the KHB (Kohler, Karlson, Holm) model was employed to explore the pathway through which COVID-19 affects household financial behaviors. These analyses revealed that household saving and borrowing behaviors were more sensitive to COVID-19 than insurance and investment behaviors. Moreover, the effects of COVID-19 on household saving and investment behaviors were found to be mediated by attitudes toward COVID-19. These findings suggest that more effective measures to reduce households' panic attitude to public health emergencies can diminish fluctuations in household financial behaviors in the short term.
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The global spread of COVID-19 indicates that cultivating public health awareness and constructing the concept of human health community has become an urgent need and a long-term plan in the current social situation. In the post-epidemic period, only by adhering to the concept of human health community, strengthening the cooperation among individuals, families, communities, institutions, urban and rural areas, countries and so on, weaving closely and consolidating the “net bottom” of grass-roots prevention and control from point to area, and establishing the mechanism of group prevention, group control and joint prevention and control, can we thoroughly curb the spread of the epidemic in the world. Under the development concept and value orientation of human health community, the individual is not only a booster of public health, but also a component of public health, and also a beneficiary of public health. The realization of public health is inseparable from the practice of each individual. Under the guidance of the concept of human health community and the awareness of individual health first responsibility, all citizens need to shape health promotion behaviors that fit the individual’s own situation, promote the health maintenance atmosphere consciously followed by the whole society, create a healthy ecological environment accessible to everyone, and let all citizens share the good results of public health management, so as to achieve the good vision of human health community. © 2022, Editorial department of Chinese Medical Ethics. All rights reserved.
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Glycyrrhizic acid and its primary metabolite glycyrrhetinic acid, are the main active ingredients in the licorice roots (glycyrrhiza species), which are widely used in several countries of the world, especially in east asian countries (China, Japan). These ingredients and their derivatives play an important role in treating many diseases, especially infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and hepatic infections. This review aims to summarize the different ways of synthesising the amide derivatives of glycyrrhizic acid and the main ways to synthesize the glycyrrhitinic acid derivatives. Also, to determine the main biological and pharmacological activity for these compounds from the previous studies to provide essential data to researchers for future studies. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1068162022050132.